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Compare American Samoa (2001) - Yugoslavia (2001)

Compare American Samoa (2001) z Yugoslavia (2001)

 American Samoa (2001)Yugoslavia (2001)
 American SamoaYugoslavia
Administrative divisions none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three districts and two islands* at the second order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island*, Swains Island*, Western 2 republics (republike, singular - republika); and 2 nominally autonomous provinces* (autonomn pokrajine, singular - autonomna pokrajina); Kosovo*, Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina*
Age structure 0-14 years:
38.44% (male 13,278; female 12,512)

15-64 years:
56.57% (male 18,784; female 19,163)

65 years and over:
4.99% (male 1,779; female 1,568) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
19.8% (male 1,095,905; female 1,024,123)

15-64 years:
65.3% (male 3,415,728; female 3,553,343)

65 years and over:
14.9% (male 681,559; female 906,632) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock cereals, fruits, vegetables, tobacco, olives; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports 4 (2000 est.) 47 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
19

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
4 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
2

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total:
28

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
14 (2000 est.)
Area total:
199 sq km

land:
199 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Rose Island and Swains Island
total:
102,350 sq km

land:
102,136 sq km

water:
214 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Washington, DC slightly smaller than Kentucky
Background Settled as early as 1000 B. C., Samoa was "discovered" by European explorers in the 18th century. International rivalries in the latter half of the 19th century were settled by an 1899 treaty in which Germany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago. The US formally occupied its portion - a smaller group of eastern islands with the excellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year. The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was formed in 1918; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Occupation by Nazi Germany in 1941 was resisted by various partisan bands that fought themselves as well as the invaders. The group headed by Marshal TITO took full control upon German expulsion in 1945. Although communist in name, his new government successfully steered its own path between the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for the next four and a half decades. In the early 1990s, post-TITO Yugoslavia began to unravel along ethnic lines: Slovenia, Croatia, and The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia all declared their independence in 1991; Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992. The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" in 1992 and, under President Slobodan MILOSEVIC, Serbia led various military intervention efforts to unite Serbs in neighboring republics into a "Greater Serbia." All of these efforts were ultimately unsuccessful. In 1999, massive expulsions by Serbs of ethnic Albanians living in the autonomous republic of Kosovo provoked an international response, including the NATO bombing of Serbia and the stationing of NATO and Russian peacekeepers in Kosovo. Blatant attempts to manipulate presidential balloting in October of 2000 were followed by massive nationwide demonstrations and strikes that saw the election winner, Vojislav KOSTUNICA, replace MILOSEVIC.
Birth rate 24.88 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12.61 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$121 million (37% in local revenue and 63% in US grants)

expenditures:
$127 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY96/97)
revenues:
$NA

expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital Pago Pago Belgrade
Climate tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Coastline 116 km 199 km
Constitution ratified 1966, in effect 1967 27 April 1992
Country name conventional long form:
Territory of American Samoa

conventional short form:
American Samoa

abbreviation:
AS
conventional long form:
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

conventional short form:
Yugoslavia

local long form:
Savezna Republika Jugoslavija

local short form:
Jugoslavija
Currency US dollar (USD) new Yugoslav dinar (YUM); note - in Montenegro the German deutsche mark is legal tender (1999)
Death rate 4.31 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 10.54 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $NA $14.1 billion (1999 est.)
Dependency status unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of the US) chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires William MONTGOMERY

embassy:
Kneza Milosa 30, 11000 Belgrade

note:
the US reestablished relations with Yugoslavia 17 November 2000; the embassy is not scheduled to open for business until extensive renovations have been completed
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of the US) chief of mission:
Ambassador Milan PROTIC

chancery:
2410 California St. NW, Washington, DC 20008

note:
Yugoslavia restored its diplomatic mission in the US in November 2000 after temporarily ceasing its operations at the beginning of the March 1999 NATO bombing campaign
Disputes - international none Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks independence from Yugoslavia; Croatia and Yugoslavia are negotiating the status of the strategically important Prevlaka Peninsula, which is currently under a UN military observer mission (UNMOP); the February 2001 agreement with the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia settled alignment of boundary, stipulating implementation within two years
Economic aid - recipient important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994 $NA
Economy - overview This is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa conducts the great bulk of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being. Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism, a developing sector, has been held back by the recurring financial difficulties in East Asia. The swift collapse of the Yugoslav federation in 1991 was followed by highly destructive warfare, the destabilization of republic boundaries, and the breakup of important interrepublic trade flows. Output in Yugoslavia dropped by half in 1992-93. Like the other former Yugoslav republics, it had depended on its sister republics for large amounts of energy and manufactures. Wide differences in climate, mineral resources, and levels of technology among the republics accentuated this interdependence, as did the communist practice of concentrating much industrial output in a small number of giant plants. The breakup of many of the trade links, the sharp drop in output as industrial plants lost suppliers and markets, and the destruction of physical assets in the fighting all have contributed to the economic difficulties of the republics. Hyperinflation ended with the establishment of a new currency unit in June 1993; prices were relatively stable from 1995 through 1997, but inflationary pressures resurged in 1998. Reliable statistics continue to be hard to come by, and the GDP estimate is extremely rough. The economic boom anticipated by the government after the suspension of UN sanctions in December 1995 has failed to materialize. Government mismanagement of the economy is largely to blame, but the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry by the NATO bombing during the war in Kosovo have added to problems. All sanctions now have been lifted. Yugoslavia is in the first stage of economic reform. Severe electricity shortages are chronic, the result of lack of investment by former regimes, depleted hydropower reservoirs due to extended drought, and lack of funds. GDP growth in 2000 was perhaps 15%, which made up for a large part of the 20% decline of 1999.
Electricity - consumption 120.9 million kWh (1999) 33.006 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 960 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 1.923 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 130 million kWh (1999) 34.455 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
70%

hydro:
30%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Lata 966 m
lowest point:
Adriatic Sea 0 m

highest point:
Daravica 2,656 m
Environment - current issues limited natural fresh water resources; the water division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past few years to improve water catchments and pipelines pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Air Pollution, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Biodiversity
Ethnic groups Samoan (Polynesian) 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%, other 5% Serb 62.6%, Albanian 16.5%, Montenegrin 5%, Hungarian 3.3%, other 12.6% (1991)
Exchange rates the US dollar is used new Yugoslav dinars per US dollar - official rate: 10.0 (December 1998), 5.85 (December 1997), 5.02 (September 1996), 1.5 (early 1995); black market rate: 14.5 (December 1998), 8.9 (December 1997), 2 to 3 (early 1995)
Executive branch chief of state:
President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001)

head of government:
Governor Tauese P. SUNIA (since 3 January 1997) and Lieutenant Governor Togiola TULAFONO (since 3 January 1997)

cabinet:
NA

elections:
US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results:
Tauese P. SUNIA reelected governor; percent of vote - Tauese P. SUNIA (Democrat) 50.7%, Lealaifuaneva Peter REID (independent) 47.8%
chief of state:
President Vojislav KOSTUNICA (since 7 October 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Dragisa PESIC (since 24 July 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Miroljub LABUS (since 25 January 2001)

cabinet:
Federal Executive Council

elections:
president elected by direct popular vote for up to two, four-year terms; election last held 24 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Vojislav KOSTUNICA elected president; percent of vote - Vojislav KOSTUNICA 55%, Slobodan MILOSEVIC 35%
Exports $500 million (1998) $1.5 billion (1999)
Exports - commodities canned tuna 93% manufactured goods, food and live animals, raw materials
Exports - partners US 99.6% Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Germany (1998)
Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September calendar year
Flag description blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and red
GDP purchasing power parity - $500 million (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $24.2 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
agriculture:
20%

industry:
50%

services:
30% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $8,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,300 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 15% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 14 20 S, 170 00 W 44 00 N, 21 00 E
Geography - note Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
Heliports - 2 (2000 est.)
Highways total:
350 km

paved:
150 km

unpaved:
200 km
total:
48,603 km

paved:
28,822 km (including 560 km of expressways)

unpaved:
19,781 km (1998 est.)

note:
because of the 1999 Kosovo conflict, many road bridges were destroyed; since the end of the conflict in June 1999, there has been an intensive program to either rebuild bridges or build by-pass routes
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route
Imports $471 million (1996) $3.3 billion (1999)
Imports - commodities materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6% machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials
Imports - partners US 62%, Japan 9%, NZ 7%, Australia 11%, Fiji 4%, other 7% Germany, Italy, Russia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1998)
Independence none (territory of the US) 27 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or FRY formed as self-proclaimed successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or SFRY)
Industrial production growth rate NA% -22% (1999 est.)
Industries tuna canneries (largely dependent on foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; tanks and weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery); metallurgy (steel, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium); mining (coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone); consumer goods (textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances); electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Infant mortality rate 10.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 17.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% 42% (1999 est.)
International organization participation ESCAP (associate), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, SPC BIS, CE (guest), FAO (applicant), G- 9, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 9 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior) Federal Court or Savezni Sud; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts are elected by the Federal Assembly for nine-year terms
Labor force 14,000 (1996) 1.6 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation government 33%, tuna canneries 34%, other 33% (1990) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries 0 km total:
2,246 km

border countries:
Albania 287 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km, Hungary 151 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km
Land use arable land:
5%

permanent crops:
10%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
70%

other:
15% (1993 est.)
arable land:
40%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
20.7%

forests and woodland:
17.3%

other:
22% (1998 est.)
Languages Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English

note:
most people are bilingual
Serbian 95%, Albanian 5%
Legal system NA based on civil law system
Legislative branch bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats; members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms)

elections:
House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results:
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - only independents elected

note:
American Samoa elects one delegate to the US House of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA (Democrat) reelected as delegate for a sixth term
bicameral Federal Assembly or Savezna Skupstina consists of the Chamber of Republics or Vece Republika (40 seats - 20 Serbian, 20 Montenegrin; members distributed on the basis of party representation in the republican assemblies to serve four-year terms; note - the Assembly passed a new constitutional amendment calling for direct elections for the deputies to the upper chamber) and the Chamber of Citizens or Vece Gradjana (138 seats - 108 Serbian with half elected by constituency majorities and half by proportional representation, 30 Montenegrin with six elected by constituency and 24 proportionally; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
Chamber of Republics - last held 24 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2004); Chamber of Citizens - last held 24 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Chamber of Republics - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SNP 19, DOS 10, SPS/JUL 7, SRS 2, SPO 1, SNS 1; note - seats are filled on a proportional basis to reflect the composition of the legislatures of the republics of Montenegro and Serbia; since 1998 Serbia has effectively barred Montenegro from its constitutional right to delegate deputies to the Chamber of Republics; Chamber of Citizens - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - DOS 55, SPS/JUL 46, SNP 28, SRS 4, SNS 2, other 3
Life expectancy at birth total population:
75.32 years

male:
70.89 years

female:
80.02 years (2001 est.)
total population:
73.5 years

male:
70.57 years

female:
76.67 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
98%

female:
97% (1980 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
93%

male:
97.2%

female:
88.9% (1991)
Location Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Map references Oceania Europe
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
NA
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,437 GRT/400 DWT

ships by type:
short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the US -
Military branches - Army (including ground forces with border troops, naval forces, air and air defense forces)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $760 million (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
2,600,362 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
2,088,595 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 19 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
82,542 (2001 est.)
National holiday Flag Day, 17 April (1900) Republic Day, 29 November
Nationality noun:
American Samoan(s)

adjective:
American Samoan
noun:
Serb(s); Montenegrin(s)

adjective:
Serbian; Montenegrin
Natural hazards typhoons common from December to March destructive earthquakes
Natural resources pumice, pumicite oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome, hydropower, arable land
Net migration rate 3.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -4.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 415 km; petroleum products 130 km; natural gas 2,110 km
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party [leader NA]; Republican Party [leader NA] Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Jozsef KASZA]; Civic Alliance of Serbia or GSS [Vesna PESIC]; Coalition Sandzak [Rasim JAJIC]; Coalition Sumadija [Branislav KOVACEVIC]; Democratic Alternative of DA [Nebojsa COVIC]; Democratic Center or DC [Dragoljub MICUNOVIC]; Democratic Christian Party of Serbia of DHSS [Vladan BATIC]; Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Dr. Ibrahim RUGOVA, president]; Democratic Opposition of Serbia or DOS [leader NA]; Democratic Party or DS [Zoran DJINDJIC]; Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Movement for a Democratic Serbia or PDS [Momcilo PERISIC]; New Democracy or ND [Dusan MIHAJLOVIC]; New Serbia [Velimir ILIC and Milan St. PROTIC]; People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Dragan SOC]; Serb People's Party or SNS [leader NA]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ]; Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC, president]; Serbian Socialist Party or SPS (former Communist Party) [Slobodan MILOSEVIC]; Social Democracy or SD [Vuk OBRADOVIC]; Social Democratic Union or SDU [Zarko KORAC]; Socialist People's Party of Montenegro or SNP [Momir BULATOVIC]; Yugoslav United Left or JUL [Ljubisa RISTIC]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [leader RAMUSH]; Group of 17 Independent Economists or G-17 [leader NA]; National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo or LKCK [Sabit GASHI]; Otpor Student Resistance Movement [leader NA]; Political Council for Presevo, Meveda and Bujanovac or PCPMB [leader NA]; The People's Movement for Kosovo or LPK [leader NA]
Population 67,084 (July 2001 est.) 10,677,290

note:
all data dealing with population is subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 2.42% (2001 est.) -0.27% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Aunu'u (new construction), Auasi, Faleosao, Ofu, Pago Pago, Ta'u Bar, Belgrade, Kotor, Novi Sad, Pancevo, Tivat, Zelenika
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 113, FM 194, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios 57,000 (1997) 3.15 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
4,095 km

standard gauge:
4,095 km 1.435-m gauge (1,377 km partially electrified since 1992)

note:
during to the 1999 Kosovo conflict, the Serbian rail system suffered significant damage due to bridge destruction; many rail bridges have been rebuilt, but the bridge over the Danube at Novi Sad was still down in early 2000; however, a by-pass is available; Montenegrin rail lines remain intact
Religions Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30% Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.13 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.08 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.08 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.75 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
good telex, telegraph, facsimile and cellular telephone services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 13,000 (1997) 2.017 million (1995)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,550 (1997) 87,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) more than 771 (including 86 strong stations and 685 low-power stations, plus 20 repeaters in the principal networks; also numerous local or private stations in Serbia and Vojvodina) (1997)
Terrain five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island) extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast
Total fertility rate 3.5 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.75 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 16% (1993) 30% (2000 est.)
Waterways none 587 km

note:
The Danube River, which connects Europe with the Black Sea, runs through Serbia; since early 2000, a pontoon bridge, replacing a destroyed conventional bridge, has obstructed river traffic at Novi Sad; the obstruction can be bypassed by a canal system but inadequate lock size limits the size of vessels which may pass (2001)
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